What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of being a youth Essay

What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of being a youth mentor in a formal setting Evaluate with reference to two examples - Essay Example A mentor concentrates on creating a positive relationship with the youths under mentorship, as well as following the goals identified for the mentoring program towards the success of the mentee. The creation of a quality program for youth mentoring is majorly based on effective practice elements. According to the findings by Young and Wright (2001) on the positive effects of youth mentorship, quality practice standards are instrumental in fostering the desired outcomes for the participating youths. In essence, the formal youth mentoring practice is important in enhancing the emotional well-being and social skills of the youths. The youths also benefit from the improved cognitive skills through listening and dialogue, as well as serving as advocates and role models (Whitmore, 2002). The increased number of the mentoring programs has equally compromised the quality of the programs over the long time. According to Trzesniewski (2008), not all mentoring programs and relationships are beneficial to the mentees. In these findings, the mentoring programs that have stronger infrastructure can potentially produce greater positive impacts, since the infrastructure directly relates to the impact of the mentor on the mentees. The solidity of the relationship between the mentor and the mentee is essential towards the improvement of the attitudes of the mentees, together with their performances and behaviors (Tsangaridou, 2008). The formal mentorship programs, for instance, are important in providing the settings for maintaining and developing a solid relationship between mentees and the mentors. Literature highlights particular elements that are considered critical for the effectiveness of a mentorship program. Among the important elements exhibited in the formal mentorship program is the screening process, which facilitates the identification of the most effective personnel to act in the

Dream Deferred Essay Example for Free

Dream Deferred Essay In a dream, a man was walking amidst a seemingly endless desert in the Middle East. At a distance, he saw a patch of land abundant with date nuts olives and a fountain-a mysterious oasis in the middle of the dessert. In his desperation to save his life from hunger and thirst, he walked towards the place. However, he was horrified with what he saw when he came closer. The land was destroyed before his very eyes. At the same time, he heard screams of anguish and death from the place. The man woke up from his nightmare- but could not shake the image out of his memory. It is once said that visionaries were born in dreams, and dreams are born out of visions. But so many dreams are deferred by the sudden awakening, in which awakened to visualize the bareness of facts and trace from the threshold of dreams. In today’s world, many have told about fragilities of society and frailties in life. Would there be enough reasons to find an answer in a society that has been divided by conflicts and the dogma of deceit? Could there be enough rationality to justify conflict of ideas being worsened by war? These questions may be meaningless but in a sense explains the obsessions of a dreaming man. This paper will discuss the typical American dream—of what can be done to visualize orderliness and reach out a dreamed legacy for the Middle East. Partnership for Reform Would qualifying the partnership for reform mean apolitical to the socio-religious-political life of the Middle Eastern people? Could apolitical be defined as maintaining the neutrality to the societal condition and cultural beliefs? How partnership for reform be then achieved without prejudice? The partnership for reform may be determined by recognizing and exposing a public interest—the interest where people enjoy the way of life; a life without fear and misery but peace, harmony and prosperity—that is not vindicated by the plagues of war. At a glimpse of the dailies between the consciousness, the partnership for reform is a day of celebration for the American families for the homecoming of their loved ones serving the Armed Forces; as the US Congress called the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq, and as the President held its intrastate policies to foster diplomatic ties in the interstate political-religious affairs in the Middle East. What future can bring by this development may recoil to the governmental reform on fostering diplomatic ties. The Middle East governments has opened its cultural exchange as the rest of the Arab states [to include Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Israel, Palestine and Lebanon] paved its way to a unified democratic processes, and the leaders of these Arab states convened to political and economic planning that resembles with the creation of the European Union. Reflective of the partnership for reform is the unification of the Arab States that brought about subsequent political change. First, when the Islamic fundamentalism was supplanted with a neo-Islamism that isolates the Islamist paganism in Iraq and Afghanistan, in which many members of the Al-Qaeda has renewed their Muslim faith and intensely abhorred the doctrine of Bin Laden who is now in exile somewhere in Africa. Second, the leaders of the Arab States vowed to bring justice to the people of the world by eliminating and disarming themselves with weapons of mass destructions, and prosecute the individuals and government personalities that conspire and condone terrorism. The US-Middle East partnership for reform is jointly envisioned by the people and governments to reach out legacy of peace and world order. One of the first 100-day plans is the institutionalization of welfare and services to revitalize the rehabilitation process on the effects of war. This â€Å"healing of wound† of the war is likewise appealing to the member countries of the United Nations to spur the reform in Middle East by supporting the creation of livelihood projects for displaced families and generate employment opportunities by restructuring the economic base. The program of â€Å"re-education for all† is being established in order to improve the level of literacy and social awareness of people who once denied with the right to education as brought about by war. On the other hand, the democratic processes are being renewed by holding an Islamic Convention that will study the promulgation of Constitutional Assemblies in Islamic States. The constitutional assembly thus far takes into effect the modification and reforming of political-religious rights of Middle Eastern people to restore its cultural heritage and obliterate the stigma of jihad (holy war) with its Judeo-Christian brethren. It is then the partnership for reform harnesses the well-being of the people and rekindles its Islamic faith for the life of the world. Thus, the partnership for reform may be a dreamed legacy in 2012. Conclusion The dream for Middle East may not only be a mock article but everybody’s dream specifically by the progressive minds of the Middle Eastern people, and likewise the typical American dream. It may be said that the plagues of war in the Middle East has its in-depth origin from the socio-religious-political-economic perspective. But what is much been said about is the macabre tales of economic interest patterned by deceit and political overpowering. What

On the Road to New York :: Personal Narrative Traveling Essays

On the Road to New York There is a funny thing that happens when you travel. The people are all the same. Sure they may talk with a slightly different accent, and they may dress just slightly differently, and may think just slightly differently. In the end they are basically the same thing, a human being. I recently took a trip. I was going to a conference in Ithaca NY. Round trip is approximately 3000 miles. Driving time is 20 hours one way. I drove it all by myself in as little time as possible. I ended up taking 24 hours to do it. It is quite a rigorous challenge to do it all in one shot. I can classify the terrain into basically three things that you see: plains, woods, and hills. Sometimes you would see an area that combined woods and hills, but that was usually in a mountainous area. Along the whole route you would switch back and forth between these three characteristics. ND and eastern MN are plains. Central and Western MN and Wisconsin are mostly heavy woods with some lakes. On the plains the highway was pretty straight. Once you got to the woody areas, curves like no ones business. In Wisconsin the trees were son think that they had to cut a swath out just for the interstate crossovers that the HP use to change directions. This patch that was cut out was about fifty meter long. There was a patch of asphalt that was thrown down between the two highways which were about 30 meters apart. The green tops of the evergreens contrasted with the light brown tree trunks which extended up at least 60 feet. There were some small patches of green grass that filled in betwee n the trees and the concrete of the highway. Every fifth exchange a brown Highway Patrol car with a pale yellow stripe down the middle and a low profile light bar would be sitting waiting for the next speeder. Maybe this helps them to blend in? Oddly enough my radar detector never went off. Were they just there to present the threat of being stopped? When I got out of Wisconsin Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania pretty much look like ND. When you get to Chicago however things take a very different turn. Everything turns into an industrial style. Concrete everywhere, toll booths every 25 miles or so, no seemingly familiar sites other than a slightly wider patch of concrete called the interstate.

Report from an Interview with a Muslim-American Woman

Oftentimes, personal narratives can become the grounding point for theoretical research. Experiences reflect the social tendencies of an individual or a community. Here social tendencies deal about the overall capacity of an individual or group to adapt to the social environment. It also includes the ability to maintain beliefs (or ideologies) and protect personal or group aspirations. Thus, a thorough study of social tendencies may provide the researcher knowledge about the nature of a given individual or community. Although the individual is an entity by itself; that is, it have an existence independent of a given group, the cultural values of such an individual usually reflect the cultural values of the community he/she originated. Thus, it can be said that personal values are often influenced by collective values. The tendency of an individual to move in certain manners is in part influenced by his/her capacity to incorporate societal values and practices. Thus, inference becomes a tool for extracting genuine data. Although uncertainties may be present (as to the reliability of the data procured), we may also assume that such uncertainties were borne out of pre-judged propositions. Remember that in the real world, propositions have no truth values unless tested by empirical research. In my case, I chose to study Muslim American communities in order to examine the conditions of this particular ethnic group in the United States. I really want to examine the specific problems, aspirations, social and economic conditions of this group of people. Rather than providing a lengthy description of the chosen community, I chose to interview an individual from that community. My best choice for the interview was an 80-year old woman who called himself Tiger Lily and usually wore huge, flamboyant hats every day. She often danced around the senior center with a wooden marionette from the center’s thrift shop just for the laughs she got. For a stranger, she may be labeled a crazy old lady (an eccentric individual who wants all the attention of people focused to her), but for the community (Muslim-American) she was the joy of the community. Her cheerfulness often got into the lives of every person in the community. Certainly, this person would be the most viable person for an interview. The range of data I could procure from her is very big. Thus, I began constructing an interview outline which would be used in the interview. I came into the house of the old lady and asked her permission for an interview. She asked me the purpose of the interview. I told her that the interview was part of the course requirements. Added to that, the interview would serve as the parting point for describing Muslim-American communities (in the United States). She told me to come back to the next day. She promised that she would prepare a delicious launch for both of us. I came back to the house of Tiger Lily. I got a little nervous and excited. I felt a little disoriented because I might offend the old lady from the questions that I would be asking in the interview. â€Å"The bitter pill is necessary† was the thought running in my mind. So when the old lady asked me to sit down, I willingly obeyed. For Muslim-Americans, respect for individual dignity is one of the greatest virtues. I thanked the old lady for approving the interview. She said that it was her duty to share her knowledge of the community to students like me. What she did not know that the interview was not about the community per se. It was about her in relation to the community. Her personal narrative would serve as the grounding point for a deeper analysis of her community. I did not show any sign of faltering. For me, an interview is not just a question and answer procedure. It is the blood life of a qualitative research. Without further ad due, I began the interview. The first part of the interview dealt with the social life of Tiger Lily. Here are some transcripts of the interview: Question: People usually call you Tiger Lily. What does Tiger Lily stands for? Are they connected with your personal attributes? Tiger Lily: I really do not know why people call me Tiger Lily. Probably because most of the people in the community perceive me as a person who could get along with everybody. Personally, I view myself as a strong woman who possesses the qualities of a fine lady. Well, that’s Tiger and Lily for sure. Question: Do you consider yourself a liberated woman; that is, a modern woman? Tiger Lily: I don’t know if I can classify myself as a modern woman. There are some things in this country I find really intriguing. There are also some things I find fine. However, I am generally conservative in worldview. Family life, the community, and of course my personal views are the finest things in life. Maybe, that’s a conservative outlook. Question: Does your religion (Islam) affect your way of life, your approach to people? Tiger Lily: There is so much in my religion that affects (sic) my way of life. In our community, everybody is expecting from everybody. Solidarity is the most cherished values for Muslims like us. One should not be detached from the community. Doing so, would give one a headache. Islam is a way of life. It is life connected and governed by the laws of Allah, the One-God. In any case, I am bound by my religion to stick to the beliefs of my community. There is no alternative but obedience. Living outside the community for a Muslim is like living in a dark cave. You have the impression that you are different. Question: Are you aware that people perceive you as different? Tiger Lily: That’s their view. I find interacting with people a lot beneficial than isolating myself in my house. For us Muslims, interaction is the key to a fulfilling life. As what I have (sic) earlier, there is no alternative. Maybe, my way of interacting with other people is different. The purpose is the same though. The second part dealt with Tiger Lily’s perception of the community she belongs (and some of the problem the community encounter).   Here are some transcripts of the interview. Question: What is your perception of your community? Tiger Lily: One, happy big family. We usually celebrate birthdays and holidays with the members of the community. Even though those nasty white policemen always suspect one of our fellows in various crimes, we console each other. That’s one way of showing respect and dignity to our fellows. Question: What are some of the problems your community is currently facing? Tiger Lily: Maybe unemployment is the most pervasive problem in our community. Most of the young adults here are facing the difficulty of finding jobs because they are Muslims. After the 9/11 attack, many of the companies here are afraid of hiring Muslims even though they are also American citizens. I am really saddened by this instance. We also find it very difficult to interact with other people outside our community. Once they know that you are a Muslim, they turn their backs and refuse further correspondence. It’s really hard for us. What we can derive from this interview can be summed up in the following statements. Tiger Lily is a conservative folk who clings to the values of her community. The problems of the community are reflected on her personal narrative. She shows magnanimity and respect for the community because she believes in the efficacy of her religion (who greatly influences her life). Work Cited Interview with Tiger Lily (transcript). (2007). Conducted on 31 October 2007 with the consent of the interviewee.   

Bangladeshi Constitution Changes over Time but It Don’t Reflect the Demand of the People of Bangladesh

Question: Bangladeshi constitution changes over time but it don’t reflect the demand of the people of Bangladesh. Introduction: Bangladesh Constitution changes over time in different government regime. There have been ongoing controversies and debates on some aspects of the current Bangladesh Constitution, especially every government came to power and amend the constitution according to their will. No specific and written proposal has ever been published by those governments; so we are unaware of the benefit of those Amendments which are intended.In my study, I tried to discuss about some important amendment about Bangladeshi Constitution. Especially I focused on reflections of the demands and choices of people on these changes. First Amendment: In 1973, the Constitution Act 1973 was passed inserting sub-art (3) in Article 47 whereby law can be enforced over war criminal and then fundamental human rights will be inapplicable. Flaws of this amendment: Govt. an misuse this amend ment and accuse someone as war criminal. As a result that accused people will not be able to have any kind of fundamental human rights. This amendment is not reflecting the need of mass people rather some political people. Third Amendment: The Constitution (Third Amendment) Act 1974 was passed to give effect to the agreement with India giving up the claim in respect of Berubari and retaining Dahagram and Angorpota. Flaws of this amendment:An Enclave is a geographical territory which is completely surrounded by foreign territory (including foreign territorial water) such a territory is called an enclave in respect to the surrounding foreign territory, and an exclave in respect to the territory to which it is politically attached. So after the exchange, the control of the corridor rested with the Indian authorities, and the problems of connecting other enclaves continue as before. Moreover the primary sufferers of this controlled corridor are the people of Bangladesh. Fifth Amendment: The Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act was passed by the Jatiya Sangsad on 6 April 1979. This Act amended the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution by adding a new Paragraph 18 thereto, which provided that all amendments, additions, modifications, substitutions and omissions made in the Constitution during the period between 15 August 1975 and 9 April 1979 (both days inclusive) by any Proclamation or Proclamation Order of the Martial Law Authorities had been validly made and would not be called in question in or before any court or tribunal or authority on any ground whatsoever.The expression ‘Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim’ was added before the Preamble of the Constitution. The expression ‘historic struggle for national liberation’ in the Preamble was replaced by ‘a historic war for national independence. ’ One party system was replaced by multiparty parliamentary system. Fundamental principles of state policy were made as ‘absolute trust an d faith in the Almighty Allah, nationalism, democracy and socialism meaning economic and social justice. ’ Flaws of Fifth Amendment [1]:The Fifth Amendment was passed by a military government in the consequences of a series of murderous coups, counter-coups and government change. That period was very painful, undefined and critical for the ‘sovereign existence’ of Bangladesh as it faced hosts of political, economic and security challenges from both within and outside. One may have hesitations about some aspects of this or any other Amendment but it is important also to consider the overall situation prevailing at the time.And it is wrong, in my opinion, to condemn any or all the Amendments if the existing conditions demanded it, but we have a right, in fact obligations, to look at them critically and reassess the situation [2]. The leaders want to change the present Constitution, because according to them, the Constitution was made ‘Communal’ by intr oducing the words ‘Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim’ in the preface and by making ‘Islam’ the ‘state religion’ at the cost of the principle of ‘Secularism’.This brought about fundamental modifications to Constitution, which is true in my judgment, but I am not sure whether this made Bangladesh ‘more Islamic’ or ‘communal’ than before. It is noted that equal rights, including freedom to exercise all religions, are guaranteed in the Constitution. There may be some uncertainty and it is true that some fringe groups have been mixing for introduction of ‘Sharia Law [3]’. This, of course, is shocking the religious minorities for the potential loss of their religious rights and freedom under an ‘Islamic Republic’ in the style of Pakistan or Afghanistan under Taliban rule.Majority Muslims of Bangladesh are also concerned since such activities may encourage the extremist groups to adopt violen t and terrorist activities for a change of the government and the system. The word ‘Socialism’ was not omitted completely from the Constitution by the subsequent amendments but redefined by saying that it meant ‘economic and social justice’. This assured the West and pro-capitalist elements that Bangladeshi Socialism is not socialism in the real sense; it was not the socialism as it was then accomplished in China or Soviet Russia, and that there is no reason to be frightened.In the light of the major changes in the world economic and power relations over the last decades (especially since the collapse of Soviet model, end of Cold war, amendments in the Chinese model), debates on this ‘modernizing socialism’ in the Constitution is rather muted. Some of our former ‘Socialist revolutionary leaders’ are happily co-habiting with semi-feudal, pro-capitalist parties. The debate on ‘Nationalism’ (Bangali vs Bangladeshi) seems to be driven by emotion. Individually, I feel quite comfortable being known as a ‘Bangladeshi’ national with ‘Bangali’ cultural and linguistic tradition and with a Muslim faith.Citizens who are not Bangali but of other ethnic and cultural roots and profess any of the non-Muslim faiths should feel quite relaxed if their nationality is ‘Bangladeshi’. I find no contradiction in this kind of arrangement. But it is wrong to define all the citizens of Bangladesh as ‘Bangali’; they would not feel comfortable with is this classification. Those who raise controversies and unnecessary debates on this issue are not helping Bangladesh to establish its individual national identity. The issue of ‘Secularism’ is more complex as it is supposed to be more rogressive and all embracing as opposed to the word ‘Islam or Muslim’ in the Constitution. Whether the present Bangladesh Awami League government really wants to delete t he words ‘Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim’ from the preface and ‘Islam is the state religion’ from the Constitution to reinstate the word ‘Secularism’, remain to be seen. Still we may create a few comments for general conversation.[1] http://thetrajectory. com/blogs/index. php/2009/05/the-fifth-amendment-crisis-in-bangladesh/ [2] http://www. scribd. om/doc/2599618/12-Amendment-in-Bangladesh-Constitution [3] Sharia, or Islamic law, influences the legal code in most Muslim countries. A movement to allow sharia to govern personal status law, a set of regulations that pertain to marriage, divorce, inheritance, and custody, is even expanding into the West. Tenth Amendment: The Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act 1990 amended, among others, Article 65 of the Constitution, providing for reservation of thirty seats for the next 10 years in the Jatiya Sangsad exclusively for women members, to be elected by the members of the Sangsad. Flaws of this amendment :The tenth amendment reflects the right of women regarding the participation in Jatiya Sangsad. But there are biasness regarding the female candidate selection procedure. Moreover some female member of parliament is worse then male MP, this unjustified selection makes the public representation procedure vague. Thirteenth Amendment: The Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act 1996 provided for a non-party Caretaker Government which, acting as an interim government, would give all possible aid and assistance to the Election Commission for holding the general election of members of the Jatiya Sangsad peacefully, fairly and mpartially. The caretaker government, comprising the Chief Adviser and not more than 10 other advisers, would be collectively responsible to the President and would stand dissolved on the date on which the Prime Minister entered upon his office after the Constitution of the new Sangsad. Flaws of this amendment: The introduction of caretaker government is not as effec tive as it was thought. The caretaker govt. forms after a political party handover the power to the caretaker govt. and the duty of caretaker govt. is to make necessary procedure to arrange a free and fair election.But the previous political party can easily influence the caretaker govt. and then caretaker govt. will tilt the election procedure towards them. As a result the previous political party remains in the govt. position for nest 5 years. So there must be more clauses in the 13th amendment to rectify the behavior of caretaker govt. member. Analysis and Comments: It is observed from the above, that the Amendments made at one time under certain circumstances were replaced by another Amendment, and also that majority of these had a broad nationwide debate.But a few of those Amendments were enacted without proper debates and discussions. Whereas, people from different political view, religion should be involved in this process. Amendments that were the result of autocratic though t obviously come under severe criticisms, sometimes for valid reasons and sometimes for political purposes. Constitution is the superlative law of Bangladesh . It is the reflection of people's demands and needs. The government should think very carefully before making any fundamental changes in it.It should refrain from making major changes unless a national harmony is attained. History tells us fundamental changes of the Constitution by the one-sided action of the government have not brought successful result. Rather, it created hostility and division within the country when stability and unity were greatly needed for national prosperity. In any event, if any fundamental changes are to be made in the current Constitution, the prescribed procedure outlined in the very Constitution must be followed.Reference ; Bibliography: †¢Daily ittefaq, Article on ‘Contemporary debates for fundamental changes of the Constitution’, [online, retrieved on February 27, 2010], availa ble at:  http://www. ittefaq. com/issues/2010/02/27/news0888. htm†¢Bangladesh Strategic ; Development Forum, Article on ‘Strategic Relations Between Bangladesh And India’, [online, retrieved on October 9, 2007], available at: http://www. dsdf. org/forum/index. php? showtopic=32551;st=75;gt;†¢The Daily Star, Article on ‘The Tin Bigha corridor 15 years on’, [online, retrieved on October 13, 2007], available at: †¢Council on Foreign Relations, Article on ‘Islam: Governing Under Sharia’, [online, retrieved on October 5, 2010], available at: †¢RESDAL, Article on ‘The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh ’, [online, retrieved on October 12, 2010], available at: ;lt; http://www. esdal. org/Archivo/ban-pIII. htm;gt;†¢Daffodil University, Article on ‘THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH’, [online, retrieved on October 11, 2010], available at: †¢Wikipedia 1, 2010, Indo-Bangladesh enclaves. [online retrieved on October 8, 2010], available at:   http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Indo-Bangladesh_enclaves†¢YUDU, Article on ‘Current Changes in Constitution’, [online, retrieved on October 11, 2010], available at: †¢Bangladesh: Constitution, Law and Justice by Nagendra Kr Singh †¢Kamal, M. Bangladesh Constitution: trends and issues. 1994 †¢Islam, M. Constitutional law of Bangladesh. 1995†¢Rahman, L. The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh: with comments ; case-laws. 1994 †¢Ahemd, R. Religion, nationalism, and politics in Bangladesh. 1990

Good Parenting For Dummies Professor Ramos Blog

Good Parenting For Dummies Having a child can be a surprise or a happily planned addition to the family, however, there is always the fear of not raising a child right or of not being a good enough parent. Not many know that this fear stems from either experiencing or witnessing an unhappy childhood. Some mental illnesses such as anxiety and anger can hinder one’s ability as a parent. The best way to prepare for parenthood, so your child stays untouched by dysfunction and abuse, is to heal yourself through behavioral therapy, practicing patience, and expressing your child’s love language. To begin, let’s take a quick look at the brain to explain why some of these behaviors such as anxiety, and anger occur, so that you can then learn how to manage them. Dr. Amen, brain imaging expert and founder of Amen Clinics, writes in his book, â€Å"Change Your Brain Change Your Life,† where these areas of the brain are affected, causing such mental illnesses. The basal ganglia, behind the front of your brain on the left and right side, is involved with forming habits, and mediates pleasure. â€Å"When the basal ganglia are overactive†¦ people are more likely to be overwhelmed by stressful situations,† like disciplining your children or being over worked at your job (Amen 133). In short, if this area is overactive it can cause anxiety, and if it’s under active it causes â€Å"problems with motivation and energy† (Amen 135). He discusses a few ways to help relieve problems with anxiety through; breathing exercises from your diaphragm, guided self-hypnosis, meditation, and finding a purpose or hobby. On the other hand, Anger management issues lie in the temporal lobes that are located behind the eyes on both sides of the brain. It carries the ability and importance â€Å"for the development and maintenance of consistent character† and mood stability (Amen 247). In anger, it can be hard to stop, take a step back and come balk calmly, which is important in parenting because children through all stages tend to test their boundaries. It may be frustrating as a parent, thinking your feelings are ‘all in your head,’ but brain imagery has opened a new world into mental dysfunction. If you are a parent struggling with anger and/or anxiety, to improve the functionality of these two areas of the brain Amen recommends nutritional intervention, rhythmic movement, meaning chanting or dancing, and listening to calm music (Amen 264). John Bradshaw, educator and motivational speaker is a well-known psychologist on family therapy, who focuses on healing your inner child, finding the sources of your toxic shame in order to heal, so that your dysfunction does not hinder your child’s development. In his book, â€Å"Healing the Shame That Binds You,† he speaks of a process involving leaving home, feeling the emotions of shame and then seeking validation. This is so that you may experience corrective processing to move forward (Bradshaw 133). Of course, there are further details into healthy shame and toxic shame, but the main point is that if you don’t change improper behavior it turns family dynamics into compulsive, co-dependent, and/or attention hungry children. Both psychiatrists Dr. Robert Hemfelt and Paul Warren, authors of â€Å"Kids Who Carry Our Pain,† mention how this attention hunger can manifest, how it’s easy to misinterpret.   To understand why your child has become overly ‘needy’ or ‘clingy’ the book, â€Å"Kids Who Carry Our Pain,† explains that â€Å"attention hunger is more than just the need for undivided attention†¦ a need for identity† (Hemfelt Warren 51). This may be a sign of emotional neglect in your child, which is a form of abuse. When abuse is mentioned, it’s not mere physical beatings, but rather its defined by a â€Å"child’s boundaries† being â€Å"violated, or †¦ is prevented from completing a developmental task† (Hemfelt Warren 51). Some believe yelling or even talking down to their children isn’t abuse but this is a child that has â€Å"no way of escape and no way to process† your message (Hemfelt Warren 55). Then that child â€Å"swallows everything whole and internalizes it,† causing a child’s attention hunger (Hemfelt Warren 55). This is where Gary Chapman and Ross Campbel ls parenting book, â€Å"The Five Love Languages of Children† comes to light. In their book, Chapman and Campbell reference a child’s emotional ‘love tank,’ how â€Å"speaking your child’s own love language† can fill his tank, making it easier â€Å"to discipline and train† your child (Chapman Campbell 17). In short, they are explaining that when a child feels loved, a ‘no matter what’ kind of love, they are better learners and develop maturity. Chapman and Campbell offer some reminders to help: â€Å"1. They are children. 2. They will tend to act like children. 3. Much childish behavior is unpleasant† (21). These are reminders when it is easy to forget that everything you do influences your child. Patience can go along way, to show a child an unconditional, love. All individuals differ in how they feel loved. In Chapman and Campbells book, they speak of five main â€Å"languages† of love. To start, the love language known as physical touch, is the most obvious way to feel love from another. Kissing, hugging, and holding your child is a real fundamental backbone of parenting (33). Communicating to your child is also important, using words of affection, endearment, praise, encouragement, and guidance all lead to the language of words of affirmation (Chapman Campbell 46-52). With this, the only way to speak to your child is to spend quality time with them, creating an environment for eye contact, storytelling and deep conversation. This will make them feel more secure and safe to come to you for advice or help (Chapman Campbell 62-63). A more difficult one, is gifts, because they can be misinterpreted as being â€Å"conditionally given† (Chapman Campbell 73). To be sure that your gifts are not payments nor substitutes for other love languages. Lastly, are acts of service, meaning the things you do for your child. Also, making sure to only do what your child cannot do for themselves, so they may be taught how to self-care (Chapman Campbell 85). These unconditional feelings make way for a clear healthy teaching path for children to become independent and kind. Other key factors found in more modern research for child-rearing. Boosting your child’s self-esteem, will help them find their own independent identity. At the same time, medical experts in KidsHealth wrote in the article â€Å"Nine Steps to More Effective Parenting† that a parent must â€Å"set limits and be consistent with your discipline† (paragraph 9). Meaning, for example, do not confuse your child by giving them ice cream right after being scolded for writing on the wall with sharpie. This sends mixed messages to your child, frustrating them to act out in rage. Most importantly, however, is the warning that you, as a parent, must know your own limitations. In short, meaning not to over-extend yourself, instead keep normal expectations so no anxiety becomes overwhelming. Obviously, there are more details regarding different ages in reference to the parent adjusting accordingly. Therapy is always recommended for traumas involving abuse and parenting classes, in order to receive a positive support system to relive stress. If you follow steps to healing, for sure those toxic behaviors will not carry to the next generation. Loving your child unconditionally and patiently, your child will grow into a mature, appropriately developed healthy individual. To clarify, being a good parent requires heeling and understanding of yourself, so that you can speak your child’s love languages. Amen, Daniel. Change Your Brain, Change Your Life: The Breakthrough Program for Conquering Anxiety, Depression, Obsessiveness, Lack of Focus, Anger and Memory Problems. Harmony Books, 1998. Bradshaw, John. Bradshaw on: Healing the Shame That Binds you. Florida, Health Communications Inc., 1988. Bradshaw, John. Bradshaw on: The Family: A revolutionary way of self-discovery. Florida, Health Communications Inc., 1988. Campbell, Ross and Chapman, Gary. The Five Love Languages of Children. Chicago, Moody Press, 1997. Hemfelt, Robert and Warren, Paul. Kids Who Carry Our Pain: Breaking the Cycle of Co-dependency for the Next Generation. Nashville, Thomas Nelson Inc., 1990. â€Å"Nine Steps to More Effective Parenting (for Parents).† Edited by KidsHealth Medical Experts,Nine Steps to More Effective Parenting, The Nemours Foundation, kidshealth.org/en/parents/nine-steps.html.

Darwinism Essays - Charles Darwin, Coleopterists, Free Essays

Darwinism Essays - Charles Darwin, Coleopterists, Free Essays Darwinism Throughout time, great minds have produced ideas that have changed the world we live in. Similarly, in the Victorian times, Charles Darwin fathomed ideas that altered the way we look at ourselves and fellow creatures. By chance, Darwin met and learned of certain individuals who opened doors that laid the foundation for his theories which shook the world. Darwin's initial direction in life was not the same as his final. He grew up in a wealthy sophisticated English family and at the age of sixteen, Darwin went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine.(Darwin) Two years later, he decided to leave medical school and attended the University of Cambridge to become a clergyman of the Church of England.(Darwin) While at Cambridge, Darwin met Adam Sedgewick, a geologist, and John Stevens Henslow, a naturalist. Henslow built Darwin's self confidence and taught him how to be an exact and painstaking observer of nature and collector of specimens.(Spruce) After graduating from Cambridge University, Darwin went aboard the English survey ship HMS Beagle, largely because of Henslow's recommendation, as an unpaid naturalist on a scientific expedition around the world.(Darwin) Before the time of Darwin, most geologists believed in the catastrophist theory that the earth had experienced a succession of creations of animal and plant life, and that each creation had been destroyed by a sudden catastrophe.(Somervell 127) According to this theory, the most recent catastrophe, Noah's flood, wiped away all life except those forms taken into the ark. The rest of the organisms were only visible in the form of fossils. "In the view of the catastrophists, species were individually created and did not change over time"(Darwin). This catastophist theory was widely accepted before such scientists as Darwin published their theories. Darwin's job on the Beagle gave him the opportunity to observe the "different geological formations and climates, as well as a large variety of fossils and living organisms"(Spruce). He was impressed with the effect that natural forces had on the shaping of the earth's surface.(Darwin) Darwin found himself fitting many of his observations into the theory that the earth is undergoing constant change.(Spruce) He realized that some of his own observations of fossils and living plants and animals cast doubt on the accepted theory that species were specifically created.(Spruce) He noted, for example, that fossils of organisms said to be extinct closely resembled living species in the same area. In the Galapagos Islands, Darwin also observed that each island had its own kind of tortoise, mockingbird, and finch; the various kinds were closely related but were different in the aspects of structure and eating habits from island to island.(Darwin) Both observations, raised the ! question, for Darwin, of possible links between distinct but similar species. Darwin's opportunity of sailing around the world laid the basis for his theories. After returning to England, Darwin began recording his ideas about the changeability of species in his notebooks on the "Transmutation of Species". Darwin's explanation for how organisms evolved was brought into sharp focus after he read "An essay on the Principle of Population" by Robert Malthus, who explained how human populations remain in balance.(Darwin) Malthus argued that the availability of "food for basic human survival could not match the rate of growth in the population. The population was altered by natural limitations such as disease, famine, and war"(Darwin). Darwin immediately applied Malthus's argument to animals and plants. By 1838, Darwin had arrived at a sketch of a theory of evolution through natural selection.(Spruce) For the next two decades, Darwin worked on his theory and other natural projects. Darwin's complete theory was published in 1859, in On the Origin of Species. The book was often referred to as "the book that shook the world".(Somerv! ell 128) Darwin's book sold out on the first day of publication and it went through six editions. Darwin created many theories which were published in his book. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is that because of the food supply problem described by Malthus, the young born to any species must compete for survival.(Spruce) Those young that survive to produce the next generation tend to embody favorable natural variations.(Spruce) This process was called the process of natural selection. These variations are passed on from